Geologists are responsible for the discovery of oil in different locations. They use different techniques to find oil, when they studied the region for conditions that could indicate the presence of trapped oil. Find the right source rock and reservoir rock leads directly to the presence of oil. Satellite imagery is also used in research where the oil may be present, in addition to studying the rock surfaces and fields.
They use many techniques, including the use of sensitive gravity meter, which shows very small changes in the gravitational field of the Earth, which may indicate the presence of oil flow. Seismological techniques are also used through the shock wave where the rock layers, and the reflected waves have been studied to examine the presence of oil. Thus, once the geologists made a discovery, made preparations to extract the oil by drilling.
Before drilling can begin, the site where the drilling will be conducted must be prepared. These preparations include the construction of access roads to drilling sites, and find the water source. If there is no natural source available in the neighborhood, the hole was created to remove pieces of stone that escaped during drilling. The hole is covered with plastic to prevent environmental problems. If the site is ecologically sensitive, the excavation shall be removed from the site.
Before the actual drilled hole, they dig the basement. This acts as a space for workers to move and also to store the equipment. The platform before actual implementation, dug a small hole with a small truck. This part of the hole wider and shallower. After preparation is complete, the platform is brought in.
Oil rig has many components such as electrical systems, mechanical systems, rotating machinery, tubing, circulation systems, drilling derrick, and the blowout preventer. Rig power systems made from diesel engines, or electric generator, and acts as the main power source.
A rig arrangement this mechanical driven by an electric motor, and a lifting system for lifting the load of the intense, and the turntable, which is part of the drilling machine. The rotating equipment is used for rotary drilling.
The housing is made of large diameter pipe casing aligning the drilled hole, and prevent the hole from collapsing. They also help the flow of mud. Circulation pump of the mud system for lifting the pieces of rock drill to the surface.
Drill rig derrick supports, and the length of the help by adding new sections of drill pipe for drilling apparatus as it progresses. The blowout preventer is a high pressure valve to prevent an explosion.
Drilling progresses, and once oil is found, both need to be prepared for oil extraction. The acid is pumped into the clean lines and oil wells in the cause. Proppants are pumped and hydrofracking done. Once the oil begins to flow into the well, the platform is removed and the equipment for the extraction of oil in place.